Chapter. 9 Man and His Doubles
l Nietzsche’s question : Who is speaking?
The law of discourse detached from representation
The being of language fragmented
è Led to many questions regarding language, signs, and relation between language and being, literature included, and so forth.
l The power of discourse revealed at the meeting-point between presentation(nature) & being(human nature)
l The profound vocation of Classical language = to create a table(a ‘picture’)
l Different concept of words according to two different eras.
1. Marks to be deciphered(Renaissance period)
2. Faithful & masterable instruments(Positivist period)
l Classical language absolutely excludes anything that could be a ‘science of man’
l Man’s finititude
- Forced him(man) to live an animal existence
- Prevented him from understanding the mechanism of his body.
l The end of metaphysics is only the negative side of a much more complex Western thought.
l The threshold of our modernity is situated by the constitution of an empirico-transcendental doublet called man.
Man is the locus of an empirico-transcendental doublet.
l Fourfold displacement in relation to the Kantian position
This is a question
not of Truth(but Being), Nature(but Man-since 19C, the unthought has accompanied man), Possibility of understanding(but Possibility of a primary misunderstanding), Unaccountable nature of philosophical theories as opposed to science(but resumption in a clean philosophical awareness of that whole realm of unaccounted for experiences where man doesn’t recognize himself)
l This condition gave rise to the revival of cogito.
l Cogito doesn’t lead
1. To an affirmation of being
2. To a whole series of questions concerned with being
l The Origin of Language conceived as the transparency between
1. The representation of a thing
2. The representation of the cry, sound or gesture that accompanied it
l Classical analysis of discourse spilt
1. To invest itself in an empirical knowledge of grammatical forms
2. To became an analytic of finitude
l The Analysis of representative discourse had been dissociated, transferred and inverted, which made possible an analysis of man’s mode of being.
l The fundamental features of our thought is the incompatibility between
1. Being of language
2. Being of man
l Kant’s three trilogy
1. What can I know?
2. What must I do?
3. What am I permitted to hope?
In addition to these three, 4. Was ist der Mansch?(What is the Man?)
l Nietzsche rediscovered the point where
1. Man and God belong to one
2. The death of the second equals the disappearance of the first
3. The promise of the superman signifies and foremost the imminence of the death of man.